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ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of Qingmei compound on acute gouty arthritis （AGA） in rats and preliminarily clarify its mechanism. MethodForty male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a colchicine group （0.3 mg·kg-1）， and low- and high-dose Qingmei compound groups （200 and 400 mg·kg-1）， with eight rats in each group. The AGA model was induced by injecting 50 g·L-1 monosodium urate （MSU） into the ankle joint of the rats except those in the blank group. The ankle swelling index was measured before and 6， 24， and 48 h after modeling. The pathological changes in the joint tissues of AGA rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in the joint tissues of rats was detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） pathway and key proteins in the joint tissues of rats was detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed increased ankle swelling index， synovial hyperplasia， and inflammatory infiltration， and up-regulated expression of IL-1β， TNF-α， and NLRP3 proteins in the ankle joint and the ratio of Caspase-1 shear body to Caspase-1 precursor protein （Caspase-1 p20/Caspase-1） （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Qingmei compound groups showed reduced ankle swelling index of AGA rats， especially the low-dose Qingmei compound group （P<0.01）. Meanwhile， Qingmei compound inhibited synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltration （P<0.01） and reduced the levels of IL-1β， TNF-α， and NLRP3 proteins and Caspase-1 p20/Caspase-1 in joint tissues （P<0.01）. ConclusionQingmei Compound can significantly alleviate the joint swelling and inflammatory infiltration of AGA， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of Qingmei compound on acute gouty arthritis （AGA） in rats and preliminarily clarify its mechanism. MethodForty male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a colchicine group （0.3 mg·kg-1）， and low- and high-dose Qingmei compound groups （200 and 400 mg·kg-1）， with eight rats in each group. The AGA model was induced by injecting 50 g·L-1 monosodium urate （MSU） into the ankle joint of the rats except those in the blank group. The ankle swelling index was measured before and 6， 24， and 48 h after modeling. The pathological changes in the joint tissues of AGA rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in the joint tissues of rats was detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） pathway and key proteins in the joint tissues of rats was detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed increased ankle swelling index， synovial hyperplasia， and inflammatory infiltration， and up-regulated expression of IL-1β， TNF-α， and NLRP3 proteins in the ankle joint and the ratio of Caspase-1 shear body to Caspase-1 precursor protein （Caspase-1 p20/Caspase-1） （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Qingmei compound groups showed reduced ankle swelling index of AGA rats， especially the low-dose Qingmei compound group （P<0.01）. Meanwhile， Qingmei compound inhibited synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltration （P<0.01） and reduced the levels of IL-1β， TNF-α， and NLRP3 proteins and Caspase-1 p20/Caspase-1 in joint tissues （P<0.01）. ConclusionQingmei Compound can significantly alleviate the joint swelling and inflammatory infiltration of AGA， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Objective:To evaluate the stability of newly formed blood vessels in the carotid plaque using qualitative and quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound images and to investigate its correction with the occurrence of ischemic stroke.Methods:A total of 100 patients with carotid artery plaques diagnosed by routine ultrasound who received treatment between August 2017 and December 2019 in Haiyan People's Hospital, China were included in this study. They were divided into an ischemic stroke group ( n = 60) and a non-ischemic stroke group ( n = 40) according to the occurrence of stroke. Two groups of patients underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination of the carotid artery. The correlation between the stability of the newly formed vessels in the carotid plaque and the occurrence of ischemic stroke was quantitatively analyzed. Results:Contrast-enhanced ultrasound results revealed low or medium intensity of echoes. The proportion of patients exhibiting grade 3-4 intensity of echoes in the ischemic stroke group was significantly higher than that in the non-ischemic stroke group ( P < 0.05). Time to peak in the ischemic stroke group was significantly shorter than that in the non-ischemic stroke group [(25.46 ± 3.25) seconds vs. (32.77 ± 4.28) seconds, t = 3.783, P = 0.000]. In the ischemic stroke group, peak intensity [(59.62 ± 10.18) dB vs. (47.53 ± 14.36) dB, t = 3.263, P = 0.000] and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [(2 365.37 ± 346.03) cm 2vs. (1 695.42 ± 525.44) cm 2, t = 4.981, P = 0.000] were significantly higher than those in the non-ischemic stroke group (both P < 0.05). Conclusion:Contrast-enhanced ultrasound visual scoring combined with quantitative ultrasonography technology can be used to assess the stability and possible development process of carotid plaques, which provide practical and reliable evidence for selecting a rational opportunity for clinical treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease and developing a reasonable treatment plan.
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BACKGROUND: With the increasing number of patients undergoing knee arthroplasty in China, the complications caused by the mismatch of prosthesis with anatomical parameters arouse extensive attentions.OBJECTIVE: To measure the anatomical parameters of the knee joints in healthy Zhuang ethnic group from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, using three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology, thus providing reference for the design and placement of the hip prosthesis.METHODS: Sixty-eight individuals, including 30 females and 38 males, were selected from 217 healthy people undergoing CT examination. All data were imported into Mimics 15.0 software used for 3D reconstruction, and then the knee parameters were then measured and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the parameters of the bilateral femur and tibia (P > 0.05). The femoral parameters had significant differences between genders (P 0.05), while there were significant differences in the width of medial/lateral tibial platform, and sagittal length of medial tibial platform between genders (P < 0.05). The sagittal length of medial femoral condyle was negatively correlated with age, and all femoral parameters were positively correlated with height; while only the width of medial and lateral tibial platform were positively correlated with height. To conclude, 3D reconstruction technology is available for research on the morphology of the knee joint in the Zhuang ethnic group from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which provides references for prosthesis design and research appropriate for the Zhuang ethnic group.
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BACKGROUND: A silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold has good biocompatibility, osteoinductivity and degradability.OBJECTIVE: To review the structure, performance and application of the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold in bone,cartilage and soft tissue engineering regeneration.METHODS: PubMed, Wanfang, and CNKI databases were retrieved by computer for articles related to the structure, performance and application of the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold in orthopedics published from 1998 to 2016. The keywords were chitosan, silk protein, bone tissue engineering in English and Chinese, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold is characterized by good biocompatibility, bone inductivity and biodegradability that make cells grow well on the scaffold. The silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold has been widely used in bone tissue engineering, and has a prominent performance in bone defect repair and cartilage injury treatment. Meanwhile, the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold exerts a crucial role in wound healing as well as in the treatment of spinal nerve injury and other soft tissue injuries. However, the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold currently is less reported in the clinical use due to various reasons, and it will be the main research direction of future efforts. As is known to us, silk protein can be used to prepare the cruciate ligament and construct tissue-engineered nuclei; therefore, the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold can be developed in the treatment of tendon ligament injury and intervertebral disc tissue engineering.
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BACKGROUND:Previous studies have confirmed that ethanol can promote adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and up-regulate the expression of PPARγ and aP2 in the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) signaling pathway. As a member of the ZIP protein family, Zrt/Irt-like protein 1 (ZIP1) is closely related to bone metabolism and osteogenic differentiation.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of BMSCs transfected by ZIP1 on TNF-α signaling pathway in the process of adipogenic differentiation.METHODS:The BMSCs from rabbits were isolated and cultured under different concentrations of alcohol (0.03, 0.09,0.15, 0.21 mol/L), followed by transfection by ZIP1 siRNA and ZIP1 expression vector.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After culture in alcohol, the expression levels of aP2 and PPARγ proteins were both significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the level of triglyceride was increased in all alcohol groups except for 0.03 mol/L alcohol group (P < 0.05). After siRNA transfection, the expression levels of aP2 and PPARγ as well as the level of triglyceride were increased significantly in all the alcohol groups (P < 0.05); however, ZIP1 transfection decreased the expression levels of aP2 and PPARγ proteins (P < 0.05). To conclude, ZIP1 siRNA could promote the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the activation of TNF-α signaling pathway.
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BACKGROUND:Currently, there is a lack of effective hip preserving therapy in patients with alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head. Artificial hip replacement is the only choice for the patients whose function of the hip joint is affected by the colapse of the femoral head in the late stage. Therefore, to understand the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head is of great significance for the effective hip preserving therapy in patients. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress in apoptosis of bone cels in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head both at home and abroad in recent years, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the treatment of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head. METHODS:PubMed and Embase databases were retrieved by the first author using computer to search relevant articles addressing the effect of apoptosis of bone cells in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head. The keywords were “osteonecrosis of femoral head and apoptosis”, “bone cell, apoptosis, gene, signal” or “osteonecrosis, alcohol”in the title and the full text. Repetitive and old literatures were excluded, and finally 40 foreign language articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In recent years, the theory of apoptosis of bone cells in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head has been gradually recognized and has become the focus of research on the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head. Apoptosis of bone cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head. Various genes, such as p53, Bcl-2 family, tumor necrosis factor, Caspase, are crucial to control the apoptosis of bone cells. Although we have made some progresses at the gene level, there is still a lack of relevant studies on alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head due to the complexity of pathogenesis.
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BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that human cartilage glycoprotein-39 has a certain relationship to articular cartilage degeneration and repair, but the mechanism of action is not very clear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of human cartilage glycoprotein-39 on chondrogenesis of precartilaginous stem cels. METHODS: Precartilaginous stem cels were isolated from the adult articular cartilage. Cels which could express CD105 and CD166 were detected using flow cytometry folowed by isolation and purification. Isolated precartilaginous stem cels werecultured using monolayer method, and then, passage 2 cels were cultured in the medium containing human cartilage glycoprotein-39 and normal chondrogenic medium for 14 days, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe expression of type II colagen and gross observation was done for evaluation of cartilage formation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The precartilaginous stem cels isolated from the adult articular cartilage could express CD105 and CD166. After induction, differentiated precartilaginous stem cels gradualy gathered and formed nudes. The induced cels were positive for type II colagen; after induction by human cartilage glycoprotein-39, the nodules became larger and the expression of type II colagen was increased. These findings indicate that precartilaginous stem cels with chondrogenic ability can be isolated from the adult articular cartilage, and can be induced to differentiate into chondrocytes, in which human cartilage glycoprotein-39 plays an important role.
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Recent years have witnessed great development of TLA (Total Laboratory Automation) technology, however, its application hit the bottleneck of high cost and openess to other parties' instruments. Specifically speaking, the initial purchase of the medical devices requires large sum of money and the new system can hardly be compatible with existing equipment. This thesis proposes a new thought for system implementation that through incremental upgrade, the initial capital investment can be reduced and through open architecture and interfaces, the seamless connection of different devices can be achieved. This thesis elaborates on the standards that open architecture design should follow in aspect of mechanics, electro-communication and information interaction and the key technology points in system implementation.
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Automation, Laboratory , Computer SystemsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Drainage has been applied as a routine to hip and knee replacement surgery. However, as a potential channel, drainage could become a portal for bacteria and other pathogens to invade the joint cavity. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical significance and safety of drainage in total knee arthroplasty. METHODS:The 80 patients were prospectively randomized into two groups:Group 1 included 38 patients with wound drainage;Group 2 included 42 patients without any drainage. According to a formula calculation, blood loss, the number of subjects requiring blood transfusion, volume of blood transfusion, complications and the recovery of function after total knee arthroplasty were statistical y analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The subjects were fol owed up for 2 years after discharge. Two patients lost to fol ow up in the non-drainage group. 78 patients were involved in the result analysis. The total blood loss, the number of subjects requiring blood transfusion and volume of blood transfusion were more in the drainage group than those in the non-drainage group after surgery. At 3 days after arthroplasty, active range of motion was larger in the drainage group than that in the non-drainage group. No significant differences in hemoglobin levels and Keen Society Score scores were detected after arthroplasty between the two groups. Results suggested that draining wil increase the blood loss and blood transfusion, but it may contribute to the early recovery of knee function. No significant differences in long-period Keen Society Score scores and postoperative complications were detectable between the two groups.
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Objective To study the effect of self-efficacy on learning effect of medical students.Methods Self-efficacy scores of the questionnaire to clinical medical students who practice in our hospital from September 2012 to April 2013 were measured.Students with score lower than the average were recruited into group A,and the others were recruited into group B.Then the scores of both-group students in the process of clinical practice,the theoretical knowledge,and triguaiacyl tests were gotten for statistical analysis.Results Group B (88.02 ± 3.902; 89.02 ± 3.902; 89.94 ± 3.794) were significantly better than group A (67.07 ± 5.131,66.02± 5.866,65.23 ±6.741) in the scores of the theory of knowledge,operation skills and triguaiacyl test.The correlation analysis showed that self-efficacy was positively related to these three aspects (P=0.032,0.024,0.001).Conclusion Clinical teachers should consciously improve students' self-efficacy in the process of their clinical practice,in order to improve the learning effect of the clinical medical students preferably.
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BACKGROUND:Alcohol has become pathogenic factors of avascular necrosis, and the alcohol induced abnormal lipid metabolism in bone marrow may be the important reason for the onset of avascular necrosis, but the mechanism is not clear yet. OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes of structure and function of fat cel s under the action of alcohol, in order to analyze the pathogenesis of alcoholic femoral head necrosis. METHODS:Primary adipocytes in vitro culture technique was used to obtain rabbit femoral head intramedul ary adipose tissue, and then the fat cel s were separated, and the phenotype was identified with oil red O staining. The passaged stable intramedul ary fat cel s were col ected. Coverslip was cut into 1 cm × 1 cm in size, and placed in the 24-wel culture plate before planting. The cel s were randomly divided into alcohol group and control group, 24 holes (each hole for a sample) in each group. The control group was without alcohol, while the alcohol group was added with 0.15 mol/L alcohol. At 4, 6, 8 and 10 days, the culture medium was replaced. Medium was changed and no longer adding alcohol, and then cultured for 10 days. When the culture terminated, the coverslip was removed for oil red O staining. Final y, the morphology and the number of the fat cel s were observed under light microscope. RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION:With time prolonging, the number of fat cel s in the alcohol group was significantly more than that in the control group (Pnumber of intramedul ary fat cel s in the control group was respectively (99.80±10.82), (0.40±94.71), (1 000.20± 41.85) and (1 059.80±26.79)/cm2, the number of fat cel s increased with the time of alcohol influence. Alcohol can promote the intramedul ary fat cel s to increase and enlarge, and this may be the main reason for femoral head necrosis, as long-term alcoholism can lead to bone marrow fat tissue increasing, intraosseous pressure increasing and perfusion reducing, thus resulting ischemia.
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BACKGROUND: Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) can strengthen the immediate and early fixation of screws by improving the quality of bone and the surface of screws. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biomechanical efficacy of CPC in augmentation of anterior cervical unicortical screw fixation. DESIGN: A study of controlled observation. SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics of First Xiangya Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University. MATERIALS: Experiments were performed at the Room of Electromechanical Tensile Property of College of Material Science and Engineering of Central South University from September 2003 to January 2004. Anterior cervical unicortical screw (pure titanium) was produced by Zhangjiagang Xinda Medical Equipment Co., Ltd. Injectable calcium phosphate cement was produced by Shanghai Ruibang Biomaterial Co., Ltd. Axial pull-out sleeve was produced by Machine Manufacture Center of Central South University. METHODS: ①Sixteen cervical vertebrae (C3-6) of four fresh young man cadavers with fine results in bone mineral density (BMD) test and sixteen cervical vertebrae (C3-6) of 4 fresh old man cadavers with poor results in BMD test were selected. Specimens were provided by Department of Anatomy of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University. Mortal remains of the deceased were donated according to the will of the dead. Informed consents were obtained from their family members. Twelve vertebrae were selected in each group for three tests. Six vertebrae were selected in pull-out test, and six vertebrae in cyclic bending test and shearing test. Screw holes, which were 8 mm apart from the midline and 5°inclined centrally, were made on both sides in the front part of the vertebra. Cortical bone was not penetrated. ②A screw was randomly inserted into one side hole, which was considered to be a control group. Pull-out test was performed on material testing machine at 5 mm/min. The screw hole was filled with CPC (0.10-0.15 mL) to repair the screw hole, and then the screw was implanted, which was considered to be a restoration group. The screw hole was injected with CPC, and then the screw was implanted, which was considered to be a augmentation group. 24 hours later, pull-out test was conducted again at 37 ℃. ③The screw was randomly implanted into one side hole (as a control group). The screw hole was injected with CPC, and then screw was implanted (as an augmentation group). Both groups received cyclic bending test and shearing test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The maximal axial pull-out strength of screws, ②displacement of screws after cycle bending test, ③the maximal shear strength after cycle bending test. RESULTS: ①The axial pull-out test: In normal vertebrae, axial pull-out strength was (313±64)N, (376±88)N and (446±121)N in the control group, the restoration group and the augmentation group respectively. In osteoporotic vertebrae, axial pull-out strength was (106±47)N, (154±67) N and (191±80)N in the control group, the restoration group and the augmentation group respectively. The axial pull-out strength in the restoration group and augmentation group was significantly bigger than in the control group (P < 0.05). ②The cyclic bending test: The displacement of the unicortical screw in the augmentation group was much smaller than in the control group (P < 0.05). ③ In normal vertebrae, the maximal shear strength was (301±79)N and (395±105)N in the control group and the augmentation group respectively. In the osteoporotic vertebrae, the maximal shear strength was (87±39)N and (149±63)N in the control group and the augmentation group respectively. The maximal shear strength was significantly bigger in the augmentation group than in the control group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:CPC can enhance the axial pull-out strength and shearing ability of the screw. The augmentation is more evident in osteoporosis patients.
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[Objective]To evaluate the biomechanical efficacy of calcium phosphate cement(CPC)in augmentation and restoration of anterior cervical unicortical screw fixation.[Method]Anterior cervical unicortical screw were fixed in the cervical vertebra(C_(3~6)),pull-out test and cyclic bending test was performed and anti-shear test after cyclic bending.[Result]The pull out strength(pos)of restoration group and augmentation group were significantly higher than that in the control group,the statistic difference was also significant(P